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Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a relatively rare disease in children, but early recognition is important to avoid multiple diagnostic evaluations and prolonged ineffective treatment. Researchers retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 70 children at 3 tertiary care centers in the U.S. who were diagnosed with CNO during a 25-year period. CNO was defined as presence of unifocal or multifocal bone inflammation, typical radiologic or histopathologic findings, and negative evaluation for infectious etiologies.
Most (67%) of the patients were girls, mean age at presentation was 9.6 years, 70% had multifocal disease, 81% had recurrent disease, and 81% had undergone bone biopsy. About 75% of patients had appendicular skeletal in…