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Although caffeine has a longer half-life in pregnant than in nonpregnant women and is known to cross the placenta, data on the effects of caffeine during pregnancy are conflicting. In a randomized double-blind study, researchers assigned 1153 Danish women who were less than 20 weeks pregnant at study entry and who drank more than three cups of coffee daily to receive either caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee to replace their usual supply. To encourage adherence, participants were not told how much coffee to drink, nor were they advised to avoid drinking coffee offered by others or caffeinated beverages other than coffee (typical caffeine amounts shown in Table 1). Daily caffeine intake was estimated from periodic interviews during …