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Adenomyosis, the growth of endometrial tissue within the muscular uterine wall (myometrium), is a common pathologic finding that may cause dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia in premenopausal women. Adenomyosis has been suggested as one of the many factors linked to preterm delivery, but rigorous studies of this association are lacking. From 1999 to 2005, investigators in Taipei compared 104 women who delivered before 37 weeks’ gestation with 208 women who delivered at full term (controls). Adenomyosis had been diagnosed before pregnancy in 35 participants based on published criteria for specific findings on ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or both. Preterm delivery cases were stratified according to whether uterine membranes were intact or…