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Ovarian cancer mortality rates are high largely because we lack the ability to diagnose this malignancy at an early stage. In a retrospective study, researchers evaluated serum CA125 measurements and transvaginal ultrasound examination as surveillance tools for early detection of ovarian cancer. A group of 341 asymptomatic U.K. women who reported a family history of ovarian cancer were stratified when possible into three risk groups based on genetic records and nature of family history: high (>10% lifetime risk; 179 women); moderate (4%–10% lifetime risk; 77 women); and low (<4% lifetime risk; 71 women). Women were screened annually with serum CA125 measurements and transvaginal ultrasound examinations to detect peritoneal fluid and ovarian…