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Guidelines vary in their recommendations for monitoring BMD after initiating bisphosphonate treatment. The U.S. National Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommend monitoring BMD within 2 years of starting treatment, whereas the U.K. National Osteoporosis Guidelines Group, U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Osteoporosis Society of Canada make no recommendations about routine monitoring. Investigators performed a secondary analysis of data from the Fracture Intervention Trial (JW Womens Health Feb 1 1999) using a mixed model to evaluate whether alendronate treatment had a fixed effect (i.e., similar for all patients) and, therefore, should not require monitoring, or random effects (i.…