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The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) placebo-controlled trial of estrogen-progestin therapy followed patients for a mean 5.6 years during hormone therapy and a mean 2.4 years after intervention; lung cancer was not among the original study outcomes. In a post-hoc analysis, investigators assessed lung cancer incidence and mortality rates during treatment and postintervention follow-up.
Although the overall incidence of lung cancer (both non–small-cell and small-cell) was similar in the HT and placebo groups, after about 5 years of follow-up, more cases of non–small-cell lung cancer were diagnosed in the HT group than in the placebo group; moreover, metastatic non–small-cell cancer was substantially more prevalent in the HT group. In general, m…