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Testing for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is more sensitive than cytology in detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN; JW Womens Health Oct 17 2007); moreover, first-round screening with HPV testing leads to fewer cases of high-grade CIN encountered at the second round (JW Womens Health Oct 25 2007). In a randomized trial, researchers in Italy assessed the performance of HPV testing alone or with liquid-based cytology (47,369 women) versus conventional cytology (47,001 women) in two rounds of population-based screening (the second round consisted of conventional cytology only). Throughout the study, all women with abnormal cytology were referred for colposcopy. Older women (age range, 35–60) with positive HPV test…