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As pelvic imaging with vaginal ultrasound and other modalities becomes more common, women's health clinicians frequently encounter patients with adnexal masses. In a study of 395 women (mean age, 52; 55% postmenopausal) with a palpable adnexal mass on pelvic examination who ultimately underwent surgery, investigators correlated vaginal sonographic findings (cystic, solid, or both [complex]) and CA 125 levels with histopathology.
In all, 67% of participants had benign ovarian tumors, 30% had ovarian cancer, and 3% had ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy. Risk for malignancy in women with simple cysts was negligible: Of 123 women with this sonographic finding, none had borderline or invasive malignancies. In contrast, risk for malignancy i…