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The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that elective delivery before 39 weeks' gestation be avoided unless fetal lung maturity has been demonstrated. Despite this, deliveries before 39 weeks are not uncommon in the U.S., even in the absence of maternal or fetal indications for expedited delivery. Investigators conducted a large retrospective cohort study to compare neonatal outcomes among singleton infants born between 36 and 38 weeks' gestation who had documented fetal lung maturity (early-delivery group; 459 deliveries; mean gestational age, 37.1 weeks) with those of infants born between 39 and 40 weeks' gestation (term-delivery group; >13,000 deliveries; mean gestational age, 39.8 weeks). The primary outcome w…