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The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor is a T-cell surface molecule that inhibits effector T cells if engaged with its ligand, PD-L1, on the surface of cancer cells. This restriction allows malignant cells to escape immune destruction. Recently, both the anti–PD-1 antibody nivolumab (formerly known as BMS936558) and the anti–PD-L1 antibody BMS936559 showed significant antitumor activity in patients with advanced melanoma (and other cancers). Researchers conducted a follow-up trial of the safety of and response to lambrolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against PD-1, at various dosing regimens and in previous recipients and nonrecipients of ipilimumab.
Fifty-seven patients with advanced melanoma who had been receiving 10 mg per kilogra…