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When HIV-infected patients experience viral rebound on their initial antiretroviral therapy regimens, subsequent regimens are often more complicated, and high levels of suppression can be difficult to achieve. Typical salvage regimens include a boosted protease inhibitor (since early resistance to that class is uncommon) and at least one active drug, often from a class not yet used.
In a previous phase III study funded by the makers of elvitegravir and conducted at 234 sites in 13 countries, researchers enrolled patients with plasma HIV RNA levels ≥1000 copies/mL, any CD4-cell count, and resistance to — or 6 months' experience with — at least two classes of antiretrovirals. Participants received an open-label background regimen of a fully ac…