Nasal Ventilation Is Equivalent to CPAP in Extremely Preterm Infants

Adding intermittent positive pressure to continuous positive airway pressure does not reduce reintubation or chronic lung disease rates.

Avoiding or reducing time on mechanical ventilation is crucial to reduce lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants (gestational age, <30 weeks and birth weight <1000 g). Noninvasive support via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) often fails because of apnea, high chest wall compliance, or both, leading to intubation rates of 40% to 80%. The addition of nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) to CPAP was proposed as a solution to these barriers to noninvasive respiratory support. Early reports and single-center trials provided optimism that reintubation rates could be reduced, creating hope that longer-term benefits were also possible.

The multinational NIPPV Study Group randomized 1009 e…

Reviewing Author

Robin Steinhorn, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardActelion Pharmaceuticals

Editorial BoardsJournal of Pediatrics

Leadership Positions in Professional SocietiesAmerican Pediatric Society (President); American Board of Pediatrics (Board of Directors)

Robin Steinhorn, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardActelion Pharmaceuticals

Editorial BoardsJournal of Pediatrics

Leadership Positions in Professional SocietiesAmerican Pediatric Society (President); American Board of Pediatrics (Board of Directors)

Nasal Ventilation Is Equivalent to CPAP in Extremely Preterm Infants

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Reviewing Author