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Using data from patients who presented to 79 Pediatric Emergency Research Networks (PERN) emergency departments (EDs) in 12 countries during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, investigators retrospectively identified historical and clinical findings at ED presentation associated with severe H1N1 outcomes. Severe outcome was defined as death or admission to an intensive care unit for assisted ventilation or inotropic support.
Of children aged <16 years (mean age, 7 years) presenting with influenza-like illness, 265 had laboratory-confirmed H1N1 infection; 27 (10%) died. In multivariable analysis using random controls, six factors were associated with severe outcomes: history of chronic lung disease (odds ratio, 10.3), history of cerebral palsy…