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The etiology of nonmalarial fever is becoming more important in malaria-endemic areas where incidence of that disease is decreasing. Improved understanding is needed to optimize care and decrease inappropriate antibiotic use.
To determine the causes of nonmalarial fever, researchers conducted a prospective survey of consecutive children aged 2 months to 10 years presenting with an axillary temperature of ≥38°C at one of two outpatient clinics in Tanzania in 2008. One clinic was rural and one was urban; both were in areas of low malarial endemicity. The researchers used standardized procedures to obtain medical histories and perform clinical examinations; they also collected blood and nasopharyngeal specimens for laboratory testing.
Overall, 1…