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“Immune checkpoints” regulate the outcome of lymphocyte engagement with antigen-presenting cells and tumor cells. They down-modulate the adaptive immune responses that can enable cancer cells to evade immune attack. Immune checkpoint therapies have gained prominence over the past year, as critical trials of anti–CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), and anti–PD-1 and anti–PD-L1 therapies targeting the programmed-cell death receptor have shown highly promising results. Now, investigators report long-term follow-up of patients treated with the anti–PD-1 therapy nivolumab.
The authors retrospectively reviewed overall survival, safety, and response duration after treatment cessation in 107 patients with advanced melanoma who received intravenous nivolumab every …