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Patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) who present with nonhemorrhagic symptoms (seizures, headaches) or in an incidental fashion are in the category of having an unruptured AVM. Management of these patients has been controversial. These investigators conducted a population-based observational study of 204 patients with an unruptured brain AVM, comparing patients who underwent intervention (including any combination of surgery, embolization, etc.) and those who received conservative treatment. The investigators conducted annual follow-up by mail and through surveillance of medical records. The primary outcome was death due to any cause or handicap persisting for 2 or more years. A secondary outcome was nonfatal stroke or death due…