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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk for stroke and mortality. Physicians use clinical variables to try to estimate risks for stroke, bleeding, and mortality in these patients; more recently, various biomarkers (cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], and cystatin-C) have been explored for their ability to predict outcomes in patients with AF. In a substudy of the industry-funded ARISTOTLE trial, researchers assessed the association between baseline levels of another biomarker — growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress — and clinical outcomes in 14,798 patients with AF.
GDF-15 levels correlated with levels of the three previously identifie…