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Since 2013, when human infection with the novel influenza A(H7N9) virus was first recognized in China, more than 550 cases and 210 deaths have been confirmed. The infections have generally developed following poultry exposure, but limited person-to-person transmission seems to have occurred. An initial trial involving an inactivated monovalent H7N9 vaccine suggested that the unadjuvanted preparation was poorly immunogenic but that potentially protective antibody titers could be induced by two doses of the vaccine with MF59 adjuvant (NEJM JW Infect Dis Dec 2014 and JAMA 2014; 312:1409).
In a second trial, 946 healthy adults were randomized to receive various intramuscular doses of the vaccine, with and without AS03 or MF59 adjuvants, administ…