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Postpartum psychoses are conditions of unknown etiology that occur in 0.1% of the population, but those afflicted show relapse rates of 30% in subsequent pregnancies. Despite the almost delirium-like appearance of these conditions, they are often regarded as bipolar-spectrum disorders due to prominent affective instability. Today, there is increased awareness of cell-surface antibody-associated central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as anti–N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor encephalitis in which immunoglobulin G antibodies attack Glu-N1 NMDA receptor subunits. Given the high rates of several immunological abnormalities (e.g., autoimmune thyroiditis) in patients with acute-phase postpartum psychoses, might postpartum autoimmune ence…