Helicobacter pylori Infection in Asymptomatic Children in China

Helicobacter pylori infection is common in developing countries like China. Knowledge of the prevalence among children is unclear and might inform potential preventive measures.

In a cross-sectional study, investigators assessed the prevalence of H. pylori in children aged 1 day to 18 years, selecting 3500 asymptomatic children in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Chengdu using multistage random sampling. H. pylori infection was determined by stool testing. A questionnaire on household characteristics and practices was administered to children and parents with supervision from researchers.

The overall prevalence of infection was 7% and did not vary by gender or geographic region. Prevalence increased with age (P<0.05) and age-specific rates varied significantly by geographic region; for instance, the prevalence in children aged 16 to18 years was 13% in Beijing, 21% in Chengdu, and 33% in Guangzhou. In multivariable regression analysis, significant risk factors for infection included poor sanitary practices (e.g., receiving prechewed food, sharing towels and mouth-rinsing glass), rural residence, and having a family member with gastrointestinal disease. Preventive factors included higher maternal education, urban residence, and good hygiene practices (e.g., frequent hand sanitation).