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Although much of the recent progress in managing metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is based on targeting the androgen receptor, developments in understanding the molecular drivers of the disease are providing new avenues for drug development. For example, recent evidence suggests that in subsets of mCRPC patients, DNA-repair defects might be amenable to therapy with poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition.
To test this approach further, international investigators conducted a multicenter, single-group, open-label, phase II trial in which 50 mCRPC patients with evidence of disease progression after treatment with one or two chemotherapy regimens received the PARP inhibitor olaparib (400 mg t…