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Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been linked in many (but not all) epidemiological studies to a lowered risk for developing Alzheimer disease; in addition, in a 2015 randomized trial, cognition seemed to improve in a group that followed a Mediterranean diet (NEJM JW Gen Med Aug 15 2015 and JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:1094). A team from Columbia University looked for possible anatomical correlates of this observation.
In an ongoing community-based, multi-ethnic study of 674 older patients (mean age, 80) without dementia, researchers collected dietary information and obtained magnetic resonance images. Participants who adhered most closely to the Mediterranean diet were compared with those who were least adherent. The two groups…