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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) can carry plasmids that code for several different carbapenemases. Among the resistance-causing enzymes are Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase. These organisms readily proliferate and have been isolated worldwide. The OXA-48–like carbapenemase, first identified in Enterobacteriaceae in Turkey in 2001, has since been reported widely. In 2013, OXA-48–like variants, including those retrospectively identified from 2009 and 2012, were reported in the United States.
From 2010 to 2015, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received reports of 52 CRE isolates carrying OXA-48–like carbapenemases, collected from 43 patients in 19 U.S. states. Only one such is…