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In a recent landmark study, introducing peanut by age 11 months in children with severe eczema or egg allergy led to an 80% reduction in peanut allergy at age 5 years compared with strictly avoiding peanut (NEJM JW Pediatr Adolesc Med Apr 2015 and N Engl J Med 2015; 372:803). To determine whether early exposure produces long-lasting tolerance, researchers extended the study.
Among 628 eligible participants from the original trial, who had been randomized to avoid or consume peanuts until age 60 months, 556 were asked to avoid peanut consumption for 12 months and were given an oral challenge at age 72 months. Adherence was assessed using periodic dietary intake questionnaires and measurement of peanut-protein levels in dust from children's be…