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People recently infected with HIV are themselves a major source of HIV transmission, accounting for 30% to 50% of all new HIV infections. Early identification and entry into care of those with acute HIV infection is thus an important target for public health intervention. Starting in 2007, the Early Test program used nucleic acid amplification testing to identify acute infection in those with negative serologic tests, promoted particularly to people at high risk for HIV infection in San Diego. The researchers assessed diagnosed cases for temporally and geographically associated changes in subsequent new HIV infections, using techniques that included phylogenetic analysis of sequence data to infer transmission chains.
Over time, incident HIV …