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Concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and the adverse impact of antibiotics on the microbiome have led to increasing interest in defining the minimal duration of antibiotic therapy necessary to treat infections. Spanish investigators have now assessed whether a 5-day antibiotic course, as suggested in the Infectious Diseases Society of America treatment guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is as effective as longer treatment. Patients hospitalized for CAP at four Basque-region teaching hospitals were randomized to an intervention group or a control group. Patients in the intervention group received only 5 days of antibiotic treatment if they had been afebrile and clinically stable for 48 hours. In control group patients, th…