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Preclinical trials published in 2014 showed that ZMapp, a cocktail of three chimeric monoclonal antibodies targeting the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein, was highly effective in treating Ebola virus disease (EVD) in nonhuman primates (NEJM JW Infect Dis Oct 2014 and Nature 2014; 514:47). When the West African EVD outbreak erupted that year, researchers undertook a randomized controlled trial in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and the United States comparing the use of standard care plus three infusions of ZMapp versus standard care alone.
The trial was designed to include 200 patients, but only 72 EVD patients were enrolled between March 2015 and the end of the outbreak in January 2016. Among 71 participants with follow-up data available thr…