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Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is a leading cause of childhood hearing loss, cognitive deficits, and visual impairment. Treatment with oral valganciclovir for the first 6 postnatal months lessens the degree of hearing loss, but most affected newborns are not identified early enough to benefit. Questions have been raised about the methodology for identifying infants who may benefit from treatment and whether the advantages of identifying such newborns justify the costs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of urine or saliva rapidly identifies infected infants. In a cost-benefit analysis of two screening models, investigators estimated the effects of identifying and treating affected newborns versus managing affected newborns…