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In three studies, researchers evaluated effects of testosterone therapy in older men. Two of these were from the Testosterone Trials (T Trials), a series of seven linked studies, in which 788 men (mean age, 72) with total testosterone levels <275 ng/dL were randomized to testosterone gel (to maintain testosterone levels of 300–800 ng/dL), or placebo for 1 year. Sexual and physical function outcomes were published earlier (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 15 2016 and N Engl J Med 2016; 374:611).
In one T Trial, 16% of men had anemia (hemoglobin level, ≤12.7 g/dL); anemia was unexplained in half of these men. Increases in hemoglobin levels of at least 1.0 g/dL occurred in significantly more testosterone recipients than placebo recipients (53% vs. 17%); thi…