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The extended West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak between 2013 and 2016 highlighted the urgent need for better approaches to control and prevent disease due to this filovirus. As the outbreak intensified in 2014, researchers at the U.S. National Institutes of Health worked with the government of Liberia to design a randomized, controlled phase III trial to assess the efficacy of two different Ebola virus vaccines already undergoing phase 1 testing: A chimpanzee adenovirus 3-based vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) and a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP). Included in the overall design was a concurrent phase II trial to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the candidate vaccines. The joint study commence…