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Target Audience: Primary care providers, hospitalists, emergency physicians, cardiologists
Syncope is a transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion, with rapid onset, short duration, and complete spontaneous recovery; lifetime risk for syncope is 50% in the general population. A multidisciplinary task force, including experts in cardiology, emergency medicine, geriatrics, internal medicine, neurology, and nursing, updated the 2009 ESC syncope guidelines (Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2631) with evidence-based recommendations.
1. Initial Diagnostic Evaluation
Complete history and physical examination — including standing blood pressure measurement…