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In a landmark 2013 randomized trial from Spain (the PREDIMED study), the 5-year rate of a composite cardiovascular outcome (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) was significantly lower in patients who consumed a Mediterranean diet that was supplemented with olive oil or nuts compared with a low-fat “control” diet (NEJM JW Gen Med Apr 1 2013 and N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1279). However, several irregularities in the randomization process (affecting about 20% of trial participants) were recently identified, and the 2013 report has been withdrawn by the New England Journal of Medicine. The researchers have reanalyzed the data using statistical analyses to adjust for these irregularities, and the results are essentially unchange…