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Dengue infection, caused by a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is endemic in many parts of the Americas and Asia. The severity of infection, including development of hemorrhagic fever, is known to increase with multiple exposures to the virus. In three trials of a dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) directed at all four serotypes of the virus, some recipients experienced severe disease and increased hospitalizations during subsequent dengue infections.
In an industry-sponsored study, investigators retrospectively examined the prevaccination serostatus of recipients and compared the incidence of subsequent dengue-related hospitalizations and disease severity in those who were dengue seropositive and those who were seronegative before vaccination. Prevaccinati…