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Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are often given oral antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Researchers conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis to determine the effect of prophylaxis on the development of multidrug-resistant pathogens in the first recurrent UTI among children (age ≤18 years) with VUR. The analysis included six clinical trials involving 1299 children (median age, 1.3 years; 83% female) who were randomized to either continuous prophylactic antibiotics for ≥3 months or no prophylaxis/placebo.
Among 224 children (17%) with a first recurrent UTI, 73% had dilating VUR (grades 3 to 5) and 86% had infection with Escherichia coli on the first recurrence; these percentages did…