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Since 2014, the number of mumps outbreaks has increased markedly, especially on and around college campuses. In the last 2 decades, it has become clear that even the recommended two doses of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) may not be protective.
In 2016, the Indiana State Department of Health documented mumps outbreaks involving four universities and their surrounding communities. Among 281 cases (237 laboratory confirmed and 44 probable), 64% were university students or staff, and 36% were community members, of whom 26% were linked to university cases. Two doses of MMR were received by 85% of university cases and by 52% of community cases. The authors speculate that because two-dose MMR coverage at the universities was high, many of t…