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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with multiple roles in development, including brain structure and function. Preterm infants are born deficient in DHA and may benefit from supplementation, but the optimal timing of supplementation is unknown.
Researchers randomized 377 infants (10−16 months corrected age) born at less than 35 weeks' gestation to receive either DHA and arachidonic acid (DHA+AA, 200 mg each) or placebo (corn oil) daily for 6 months. Developmental progress, measured at 16 to 22 months corrected age using the cognitive composite of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), was compared between groups. Secondary outcomes related to language and motor development, effortful…