Short-Course Rifapentine plus Isoniazid to Prevent Tuberculosis Among Persons Living with HIV

Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of death for people living with HIV (PLWH) globally. Isoniazid preventive therapy reduces the risk for active TB and death, but implementation and uptake has been limited. In this study, investigators conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3, partially manufacturer-sponsored noninferiority trial comparing standard of care (9 months of isoniazid [INH]) with a 1-month regimen of rifapentine plus isoniazid (1HP) in PLWH in areas of high TB prevalence or who had latent TB infection. The primary endpoint was diagnosis of active TB or death. Investigators randomized 3000 patients (54% women; median CD4+ count, 470 cells/uL; 50% were on antiretroviral therapy, of whom 77% had undetectable viral …