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Opioid overdose is currently the leading cause of accidental death in the U.S. In addition, 8% to 12% of chronic-pain patients receiving long-term opioid analgesic therapy develop a substance use disorder. Reliable and efficiently administered clinical tests to predict risk for opioid misuse or use disorder are needed. To evaluate a clinical test, researchers categorized 100 individuals getting opioid medications for chronic pain (white, 93%; 61 women) as opioid misusers and nonmisusers in the last 30 days.
On a validated probabilistic picture choice task, participants chose to view cards from one of four decks; each deck had a preponderance of pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, or opioid (pill) images (deck location shifted periodically so the …