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U.S. urology guidelines recommend computed tomographic (CT) urography to evaluate the upper urinary tract in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (J Urol 2012; 188:6 Suppl:2473). But some experts believe that renal ultrasound — which is less expensive and avoids the substantial radiation exposure from CT urography — is a reasonable alternative. During the past 20 years, an institutional algorithm at Gundersen, a U.S. integrated medical system in the upper Midwest, has specified renal ultrasound as the initial upper-tract imaging procedure for adults with microscopic hematuria. In this retrospective study, Gundersen researchers describe outcomes for 2138 adults who had asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (i.e., ≥3 red blood cells/…