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About two thirds of Alzheimer disease (AD) cases occur in women, indicating that the genesis of this prevalent condition may be influenced by sex-specific factors. Investigators used data from a prospective cohort study of cognitive function and aging conducted in Cache County, Utah among 2114 women (baseline age, ≥65, 99% white, mean years of education, 13). Key factors included estimated lifetime exposure to estrogen, both endogenous (years of ovulation) and exogenous (years of menopausal hormone therapy [HT]), as well as timing of initiation of HT. Estrogen exposure was analyzed relative to cognitive status based on a modified Mini-Mental State Examination (conducted during 3 triennial waves over 12 years of follow-up). Covariates includ…