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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) complicates about 1 in 3000 births, where it commonly causes neonatal respiratory failure and death due to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Fetal tracheal balloon occlusion allows lung fluid to accumulate, thereby increasing lung size, improving alveolar function, and permitting completion of maturation until the balloon is removed a few weeks before birth. To prepare for a multicenter randomized trial, investigators performed a feasibility study of fetoscopic tracheal balloon occlusion for treatment of CDH. Eligible fetuses of 14 pregnant women underwent this procedure at a median of 28 weeks and 5 days' gestation. Before and after the intervention, fetal lung volume was assessed with u…