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Autoimmune encephalitides increasingly are being recognized in children. Consensus criteria that incorporate both clinical history and biomarkers are used to guide diagnosis. Using three prospective cohort studies in the Netherlands, these researchers evaluated the etiologic spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis in children.
Of 113 children, 103 had at least possible autoimmune encephalitis. Of the 103 children, 21 (20%) had laboratory-proven antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis: 19 (90%) had anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies, 1 (5%) had anti–α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antibodies, and 1 (5%) had anti–leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibodies. Criteria for proba…