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In several randomized, controlled trials, sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors lowered the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo; a few observational studies have shown improved cardiovascular outcomes for SGLT-2 inhibitors compared with other second- or third-line oral antidiabetes agents.
Researchers used databases from seven Canadian provinces and the U.K. to identify 200,000 matched pairs of adult patients — each pair contained one who started an SGLT-2 inhibitor (i.e., empagliflozin, canagliflozin, or dapagliflozin) and the other who started or continued a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor between 2006 and 2018. (DPP-4 inhibitors have no known association with adverse cardiovascular …