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New therapies are emerging for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular cancer, with approval for immune checkpoint inhibitors in later lines of therapy. The combination of the anti PD-L1 agent avelumab and the anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab was recently approved as first-line treatment. The study of alternative combinations of immunotherapy and other agents is a high research priority.
Investigators now report results of Checkmate 040, an industry-sponsored, international, multicenter, open-label, randomized phase I/II trial evaluating the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab in 148 patients with hepatocellular cancer previously treated with sorafenib. Most patients were male (81%), were of Asian descent (64%), had hepatitis B (51%), and ha…