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Many epidemiologic and clinical trials have shown that regular exercise protects against cardiovascular disease. Presumably, the cardiovascular benefits come from exercise-induced changes in the levels of various metabolites, but what are those metabolites?
A multi-institutional team measured 588 blood metabolites before and immediately after 12 minutes of bicycle exercise in 411 participants from the Framingham Heart Study. This relatively brief exercise caused significant changes in the levels of more than 80% of the metabolites. Levels of multiple metabolites associated with insulin resistance dropped, and metabolites linked to lipolysis, nitric oxide bioavailability, and brown fat induction rose. The findings were tested and confirmed in…