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Previous studies have evaluated some of the complex relationships among cryptogenic stroke, migraine, and patent foramen ovale (PFO) and suggested the following: Migraine is associated with ischemic stroke, migraine with aura is associated with the presence of PFO, and the association between migraine and cryptogenic ischemic stroke is stronger among patients with PFO than without. But to tease out the precise relationships — particularly between cryptogenic stroke in the young and migraine with aura and how this association may be modified by sex or the presence of PFO — studies that address potential confounders and apply rigorous and standardized assessments of migraine and migraine with aura are required.
Aiming to provide such informati…