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The evidence for treating heart failure, particularly with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), has evolved substantially since the publication in 2017 of the most recent guideline from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway.
The document addresses the following crucial issues:
Initiating, adding, or switching evidence-based therapies for HFrEF, with a focus on initiating angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), incorporating sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and considering transcatheter mitral-valve repair
Achieving optimal guideline-directed the…