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Preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. Increasingly, total neoadjuvant therapy is being applied, with the potential for nonoperative management in patients with a clinical complete response. There are limited data regarding outcomes in patients with little or no response to neoadjuvant therapy.
In a retrospective analysis of patients with rectal cancer who were treated with chemoradiotherapy and surgery and had partial or no response to the chemoradiotherapy, investigators evaluated the impact of the time to surgery after neoadjuvant therapy on oncologic outcomes.
Of 1064 patients from 12 high-volume centers in Italy treated from 2000 to 2014, 54.4% underwent surgery within…