Gut Microbiome Shapes Immunogenicity of Oral Rotavirus Vaccines

Enteric Enterovirus B and Cosavirus A attenuated oral RVV's immunogenicity, while Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae enhanced immunogenicity.

Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) effectiveness is 84%–90% in high-income countries but 45%–57% in low- and middle-income countries, leaving many infants at excess risk for morbidity and mortality from RV disease. Although these differences in effectiveness are poorly understood, some evidence points to a role for the gut microbiome in modulating RVV immunity.

Kim et al. analyzed the enteric microbiota in a longitudinal cohort of 122 Ghanaian infants (mean age at first vaccination, 43 days) evaluated during a three-dose course of oral RVV (Rotarix) to determine if bacterial and viral populations in the gut affected seroconversion. Among this cohort were 51 seroconverters (42%) and 71 nonseroconverters (58%). RNA sequencing showed that, while the …

Reviewing Author

George Sakoulas, MD

Disclosures

Consultant/Advisory BoardParatek Pharmaceuticals; Nestle Corp.; AbbVie; Shionogi

Speaker’s BureauAllergan/AbbVie; Paratek Pharmaceuticals; Nestle Corp.

RoyaltiesUpToDate

Editorial BoardsAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; Open Forum Infectious Diseases