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Several different pathologies can be associated with dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD) changes, vascular factors, and presence of Lewy bodies. In many patients, different pathologies may co-exist, and the frequency of pure vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is unclear. These authors analyzed two well-established databases, the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging project, that enrolled individuals aged 65 years and over who were free of dementia at baseline and underwent structured neuropsychological exams annually. The researchers divided the pathology specimens into three groups: neurodegenerative change only, vascular pathology without AD changes or other degenerative pathology, or mixed pathology. The authors c…